Week One Quiz
Started: Jan 12 at 8:26pm
Quiz Instructions
The Week One Quiz will cover Chapter 1. You will have 50 minutes to complete your quiz, so please manage your time appropriately. You can pin questions, which allows you to skip them for now and return later in the test if time permits.
I'd like to share a few notes on question formats:
- If a question says "select all that apply," there will always be at least two correct answers. Otherwise, I won't say "select all that apply." All of the answers could be correct.
- In sorting questions, if something doesn't fit in a category, you should leave it unsorted.
Unlike our other activities, you only get to take the weekly quizzes one time.
Note: this is a timed quiz. You may check the remaining time you have at any point while taking the quiz by pressing the keyboard combination SHIFT, ALT, and T... Again: SHIFT, ALT, and T...
Question 1 1 pts
Neuroscience is defined as the scientific study of the brain and nervous system, in health and in disease.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 2 1 pts
Please match the levels of neuroscience to their appropriate examples.
Group of answer choices
Molecular neuroscience
Cellular neuroscience
Synaptic neuroscience
Network neuroscience
Behavioral neuroscience
Question 3 1 pts
Subspecialities of social and cognitive neuroscience are found within behavioral neuroscience.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 4 1 pts
Smith, Badcock, and Friston (2020) proposed that the brain features predictive algorithms that allow us to anticipate the sensory stimulation we will receive if our perceptual beliefs are correct. When input does not match the prediction, the predictions are updated. Which of the following approaches to neuroscience most closely matches their work?
Group of answer choices
Social neuroscience
Behavioral neuroscience
Computational neuroscience
Synaptic neuroscience
Question 5 1 pts
Capitano et al. (2015) demonstrated that perceiving yourself as socially connected or disconnected provided different instructions to your immune system. Perceived social disconnection resulted in the immune system's gearing up to fight bacteria, whereas perceived social connection resulted in the immune system's gearing up to fight viruses. Which of the following statements is best illustrated by these results?
Group of answer choices
Mind and body are most likely very separate.
Biology influences behavior.
Behavior can influence biology.
The main target of your immune system (bacteria or viruses) influences your perceived social connectivity.
Question 6 1 pts
It is not possible to pursue a career in the neurosciences without graduate degrees.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 7 1 pts
Bone regrowth demonstrates that at least some people who underwent trepanation survived the procedure.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 8 1 pts
Early Egyptians understood which of the following facts about the nervous system? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Paralysis on the right side of the body was associated with damage to the left side of the brain.
Damage to the brain and spinal cord is "not to be treated."
Seizures result from brain activity.
The convolutions of the cerebral cortex resemble molten copper.
Question 9 1 pts
Galen, a Greek physician serving in Rome, mistakenly believed that the ventricles were important in neural communication.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 10 1 pts
Zoe believes that there is a difference between psychological addictions and physical addictions to drugs. Zoe's beliefs are most consistent with which of the following?
Group of answer choices
Structuralism
Monism
Dualism
Functionalism
Question 11 1 pts
One of the reasons early scientists conducted so many animal experiments that seem barbaric by today's standards is because they believed in Descartes' mind-body dualism.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 12 1 pts
Mary Shelley was inspired to write Frankenstein after reading about studies conducted by which of the following scientists?
Group of answer choices
Galvani
Bell
Ramon y Cajal
Magendie
Question 13 1 pts
The alternate hypothesis to the Neuron Doctrine is that the brain is made up from separate cells.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 14 1 pts
Although mostly wrong, and spectacularly so, phrenology got which of the following principles correct?
Group of answer choices
Central nervous system damage is permanent.
Functions are localized in the brain.
The brain is organized as a hierarchy.
The brain is made up of separate cells.
Question 15 1 pts
Which of the following scientists provided further evidence supporting localization of function in the brain? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Spurzheim
Broca
Fritsch and Hitzig
Galvani
Question 16 1 pts
Hermann von Helmholtz discovered that when people were touched on the thigh or toe,
Group of answer choices
the responded faster when touched on the thigh.
their individual responses varied widely.
They responded with equal speed to both.
they responded faster when touched on the toe.
Question 17 1 pts
When a person drinks alcohol and becomes more aggressive, how would John Hughlings Jackson explain this?
Group of answer choices
Alcohol interferes with the processing of angry faces.
Alcohol reduces cortical inhibition of lower structures, like the amygdala.
Alcohol stimulates subcortical structures, like the amygdala.
Alcohol makes people less sensitive to risk.
Question 18 1 pts
A scientist could view most neural cell bodies using either the naked eye or a light microscope.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 19 1 pts
A scientist would be able to see synaptic vesicles using
Group of answer choices
the naked eye or a light microscope.
either a light or electron microscope.
an electron microscope.
Question 20 1 pts
Santiago Ramon y Cajal wanted to see complete cells using his light microscope. Which of the following stains would be most useful for meeting his goals?
Group of answer choices
Nissle stain
Golgi stain
Horseradish peroxidase
Myelin stain
Question 21 1 pts
Optical imaging allows researchers to construct a "see-through brain."
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 22 1 pts
Which of the following imaging methods allows the scientist to assess the functions of the brain? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
CT
PET
SPECT
MRI
fMRI
Question 23 1 pts
Which of the following technologies is based on x-rays?
Group of answer choices
CT
MRI
DTI
PET
Question 24 1 pts
This image was constructed using which of the following technologies?
Group of answer choices
CT
MRI
PET
fMRI
Question 25 1 pts
PET provides good resolution. In other words, you can see different structures in the brain very clearly.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 26 1 pts
A researcher want to see the location and activity of serotonin receptors in the brain. Which of the following technologies would you recommend for this purpose?
Group of answer choices
None of the brain imaging technologies provide this type of information.
PET
fMRI
CT
Question 27 1 pts
MRI technology takes advantage of different proportions of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in different types of brain tissue.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 28 1 pts
A pixel is a three dimensional equivalent of a voxel.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 29 1 pts
Active neurons require more oxygen than less active neurons, which provides the basis for fMRI.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 30 1 pts
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) uses magnetism to track the flow of water through nerve fibers.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 31 1 pts
The applications of electroencephalography (EEG) have not changed since its discovery in the early 1900s.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 32 1 pts
A method of averaging recordings taken as the brain responds to a stimulus is known as
Group of answer choices
electroencephalogram
single-cell recording
event-related potentials (ERPs)
magnetoencephalography (MEG)
Question 33 1 pts
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) takes advantage of the fact that magnetism moves through the skull bones much more easily than electricity does.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 34 1 pts
Mirror neurons were discovered by using magnetoencephalography.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 35 1 pts
Which of the following technologies can help us identify the function of a particular part of the brain? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Electrical stimulation
CT
DTI
Lesion
Question 36 1 pts
Deep brain stimulation has been used to treat Parkinson's disease but is yet to be evaluated for treating psychological disorders.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 37 1 pts
Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) works by consistently reducing the activity of the cortex beneath the site of stimulation.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 38 1 pts
Roger Highfield, the journalist who underwent rTMS in the assigned YouTube, was able to sing but not speak clearly when exposed to magnetic pulses.
Group of answer choices
False
True
Question 39 1 pts
Electrical stimulation and optogenetics cannot be used in an awake, freely moving animal.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 40 1 pts
We would characterize the work of Paul Broca with his famous patient, "Tan," as an example of
Group of answer choices
stimulation research.
lesion research.
imaging research.
recording research.
Question 41 1 pts
Both stimulation and lesion studies must be evaluated carefully because of the vastly networked character of the nervous system.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 42 1 pts
A researcher wants to know the approximate quantities of dopamine in the vicinity of the nucleus accumbens, part of the brain's reward circuitry. Which of the following methods would provide answers to this question? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Microdialysis
Lesion research
Optogenetics
PET
Question 43 1 pts
The concordance rate for schizophrenia in identical twins is about 50%. How do we interpret this?
Group of answer choices
If one twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has a 50% chance of developing the disorder.
One out of each pair of identical twins in families with a history of schizophrenia is likely to develop the disorder.
It is unlikely that genes play a very major role in the development of schizophrenia.
Half of a person's risk for schizophrenia is genetic, and the other half is due to childhood experiences.
Question 44 1 pts
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are examples of
Group of answer choices
heritability studies.
reverse genetic screens.
twin studies.
forward genetic screens.
Question 45 1 pts
"Knockout" gene studies are examples of forward genetic screens.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 46 1 pts
Which of the following aspects of Milgram's classic obedience studies would be a problem given today's rules for research ethics? Please select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
Participants were shocked at painful levels.
Deception was used in the experiment.
Participants might feel harmed by the experience.
The participants were coerced to continue.
Question 47 1 pts
Committees overseeing human and animal research at universities must include at least one person who is not an employee of the university.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 48 1 pts
Please match the 3 R's of animal research ethics to their best example.
Group of answer choices
Refine
Reduce
Replace
Question 49 1 pts
Under current animal research ethics guidelines, it is not possible to use painful methods.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Question 50 1 pts
Physicians are not allowed to prescribe placebos for patients.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Quiz saved at 8:36pm
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Time Running:
Attempt due: Jan 12 at 11:59pm
39 Minutes, 43 Seconds