Stimulants

Caffeine

• Found in many substances
• Not many adverse reactions
• Avoid if pregnant or cardiac arythmia
• problems with energy drinks
  • Dehydration, Anxiety Insomnia
• It competes with adenosine at the the receptor level, since it is of similar shape and size

Nicotine

• Nicotenic recepotrs
• in both PNS and CNS
• In PNS: Relationaction, stays attachedl onger thean ACh
• no chemical signaling can occur there
• CNS: Produces alertness, odd compo for alerness and muscle relaxation
• stimulates dopamine system indirectly
• used by poor and uneducated and those w/psychological disorders

Cocaine and Amphetamine

• Most addictive
• Potent reuptake inhibiters
• pumps dopamine even without action potential

MDMA (Ecstasy)

• octopus became more huggy with its arms while on it
• Similar to amphetamine and also a psychodelic
• produces a lot of serotonin
• releases oxytocin
• Risk of serotonin syndrome
• possible ptsd treatment
• Ecstasy is a serotonergic reuptake inhibitor.

Opiods

• natural endorphoine receptors
• indirect dopamine -- extreme addiciton
• opiod crisis rn
• Rose from 21k to 81k recent, movement of fentalnyl across southern border accounts

Cannabis

• Example of psychoactive chemical that is so simialr to naturla neurochemicals, receptors fooled
• THC is longer than andogenous caniboids
• Cannabis indirectly increases dopamine, linked to psychosis and addiction
• interacition between genetics and cannabis
• Using cannabis might magnify existing problem
• It interacts with receptors for endogenous cannabinoids.
• classified as hallucinogen

LSD

Similar to serotonin chemically

• Produces tolerance but not withdrawl or addiction
• Persistent hallucination past use
• Persisting imbalance between excitation and inhibition

Alcohol - Gaba agonist

• affects dopamine system leading to addiction
• J curve,
• moderate drinking better for us than abstain and heavy
• we now control other factors
• moderate drinkers: educated, eat ewell , exercise
• removing these moderators, it is linear, more you drink, more you die
• carcinogen
• apart of most violent crimes