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Lecture 2.4 - The Peripheral Nervous System

Cranial Nerves

there are 12 pairs and some are exclusively sensory, while some are mixed. Some can also be motor only too.

Olfactory (I)
- Function: Sense of smell.
Optic (II)
- Function: Vision.
Oculomotor (III)
- Function: Controls most eye movements, pupil constriction, and eyelid elevation.
Trochlear (IV)
- Function: Controls eye movement, specifically the superior oblique muscle.
Trigeminal (V)
- Function: Sensation in the face and control of chewing muscles.
Abducens (VI)
- Function: Controls lateral eye movement (lateral rectus muscle).
Facial (VII)
- Function: Controls facial expression muscles, taste sensation on the front of the tongue, and saliva and tear production.
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
- Function: Hearing and balance (auditory and vestibular functions).
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
- Function: Taste on the back of the tongue, swallowing, and salivation. Involved in monitoring blood pressure and oxygen levels.
Vagus (X)

Function: Controls parasympathetic functions, including heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. Also involved in speech and swallowing
- Vagabond
- Wandaring around the visera

Function: Controls neck and shoulder muscles, including the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Ventral side is motor
Dorsal is sensory
Lumbar controls legs and feeling in toes
31 pairs

Grey matter
- Rich with cell bodies
White matte
- Fiber pathways
Dorsal root
- Afferent or sensory input
Ventral Root
- efferent or motor output
Mixed Spinal Nerve
- do not contain both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) fibers.

Sympathetic manages arousal
Symp and para have opposite reactions on organs