1. During the Cotton Revolution, antislavery politics transformed as Gradualism was eclipsed by new, radical ideas called Immediatism.
2. Between 1840s and 1850s, Immediatism moved from an extremist perspective toward the mainstream of antislavery, Northern politics
3. Energized by US westward expansion and new calls for women's rights, Immediatism began to reshape national politics & ideas of American Liberty.
   Washington as a Farmer (1851) - A Painting

• Shows that maybe slavery and freedom can be compatible

Part I - The Transformation of Antislavery

A. Gradualism

• Not a anti-slavery movement, though people did exist
• anti-slavery ideas subscribe to gradualism
• Pursues geographic limits, voluntary solutions & incentives
• Giving up slaves on death bed is gradualist way of thinking
• Raise money to compensate slaveholders for giving up slaves
• Manumission
• American Colonization Society est. 1816

B. Walker's Appeal

David Walker in the summer of 1828

• The first radical antislavery publication
• Argues against gradualism & colonization
• Ideas don't go down with walker

C. Immediatism

• The liberator (est. 1831) - William Lloyd Garrison, 1855
• Disagreed with the 3/5ths clause
• Wants an Anti-slavery political party (American Anti-Slavery Society [AAS] est. 1833)

Part II

A.

The Murder of Elija Lovejoy

• people kill eachother
  Building orgs,
  Fredrick Douglass leads group
• People call him a fraud
• No way this run away slave could be this educated
• His former owner admits to that being his runaway, wanting it back
• Begins touring as an AA speaker in 1841
• Electrifies audiences
• the Narrative of (pub. 1845).

Part III - A New crisis of liberty

A. Slavery in the West?

• Northerners can't do anything about slavery
• Can't move into Mexico before the war
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Feb 2, 1848)
• Gold discovered on Jan 24, 1848 in California, "Great Coincidence"
• California comes in as a free state, compromise of 1850
  • Future slave sates are Utah and New Mexico territory
  • Fugitive slave law of 1850
    • Criminal penalties for those who help a runaway slave or refuse to capture one

B. Seneca Falls

July 19-20, 1848
Issues the "Declaration of Sentiments"
Women want rights, suffrage

C. Republicans

• Established in 1854
• An antislavery political coalition