Ch.1 Secession Crisis
Ch2. (1962) Military & Political Transformation
Ch. 3 (1863) - Turning Points

• Battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg are turning points

Part I - The Political turn, 1864

A. Union War in Jeopardy

1. Political Problems -- High casualties & military draft
2. More Political Problems -- Northern opposition ("copperheads")

B. Lincoln's Reelection

• Lincoln challenged by both Democrats and Republicans
  • Republican party split and ran someone else, segment of republicans didn't trust him with slavery.
• Lincoln urged to rescind emancipation order
• Atlanta & Sherman March
  - Mission is to destroy the economy of the untouched section of the south
• The Burning of Columbia, SC on Feb 17, 1865
  • Same day, they also went to fort sumpter
• 13th Amendment passes house of Reps on Jan 21, 1865

Part II - The Meaning of Peace

A. Lincoln's Second Inaugural

The Human Cost

• 624k soldiers killed
  • Two-Thirds die of wounds or disease
• 475k wounded survivors
• 1/33 households in the South lose a soldier
  "Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive, and theo ther would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came."
  "1/8th of th whole population were colored slaves"
  "All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of war."

B. The "Sacred Effort" Ends, or Begins?

What is the Sacred Effort?

Part II -- Final Shots

A. "Out Countrymen Again"

Appomattox Court House, the building of the painting is the "McClean house or McClean Home"
Grant " We do not want to exalt over their downfall. The war is over. The Rebels are our countrymen agan." April 9th, 1665

B. And the Band Played

"I have always thought 'Dixie' one of the best Tunes. Our adversaries attempted to appropriate it, but we fairly captured it. It is our lawful prize. I now request the band to favor me with its performance."

Final Lessons