1. The election of 1860 resulted in 2 revolutionary outcomes, as Americans on various sides looked to claim the legacy of 1776
2. Together, the revolutions of 1860 and 1861 caused a breakdown of Constitutional order, as states opted to secede from the Union. Strangely, this caused slavery to disappear from political and military contention.
3. When war began at the Battle of Fort Sumter, neither side expected a long, costly. or transformative conflict that would bring about a total end to slavery
   Harper Spary raid, outgrowth of Kansas crisis, Abraham Lincoln acted on this
   Thoreau is a man of peace, civil disobedience, but he seas violence as inevitable

Part 1 - The Revolution of 1860

A. The Democratic Schism

The Flawed Candidate (Steven Douglas)

• Dred Scott v. Sanford (March 1857)
• idea of popular sovereignty is defended

The Unlikely Candidate (Abe Lincoln)

• Relatively inexperienced and unknown
• Considered an antislavery moderate

B. Republicans Triumph

They won the north only to win the election
remember what prof said
Lincoln won 40% of pop vote

Part II - The Revolution of 1861

A. The Secession Issue

• Can a state reject national elections & the Constitution?
• Can a state legally exist the United States?
• Can a state be coerced to remain?

Why Did the Slavery Issue Vanish?

• Americans were reluctant to see slavery as a political issue among the states
• Political leaders recogized the slavery issue was too divisive and hid from it
• It didn't vanish. We just need to know where to look

B. The Other Issue Vanishes

Part III

Fort Sumter

• Lincoln sends resupply ship when they run out of food
• Hopes it provokes an attack
• South Carolina gives an ultimatum to Feds, declined, they attack and forced them out of the fort
• 36 hours of artillery fire
• Wigfall's "surrender"
  • He drunkenly ordered them to surrender
  • worked out a lil but then they find out he aint even in the army
• Zero casuallties
• Set expectations for the war
• both sides "win"